Vitalik: The next goal of Layer 2 should be to achieve fast withdrawals through the ZK system

2025/08/07 07:08

PANews reported on August 7th that Vitalik Buterin, in a post on the X platform, expressed surprise at the fact that so many mainstream Layer-2 platforms are at the first stage of security standards. The next goal should be to achieve fast withdrawal times (less than an hour) through a ZK (also known as zero-knowledge proof) system. This is more important than the second stage. If native withdrawal times can be reduced to under an hour in the short term and to 12 seconds in the medium term, Ethereum Layer-1 will further solidify its position as the default platform for issuing assets and the economic center of the Ethereum ecosystem. To achieve this, OP proof systems must be abandoned, as they inherently require a multi-day wait for withdrawals.

Historically, zero-knowledge proof technology has been immature and expensive, making OP proofs a sensible and secure option. However, this situation is rapidly changing. Earlier this year, Vitalik proposed a "2-of-3" ZK + OP + TEE proof system strategy that strikes a balance between security, speed, and maturity.

  • 2-of-3 systems (ZK, OP) are trustless, so no single actor (including the TEE manufacturer or a side-channel attacker) can break the proof system by violating the trust assumption.
  • The 2-of-3 system (ZK, TEE) is instant, so withdrawals are fast under normal circumstances.
  • 2-of-3 systems (TEE, OP) have been in production for many years in various environments.

This is just one approach; perhaps people will choose a ZK + ZK + OP tiebreaker, or a ZK + ZK + security committee tiebreaker. I don't have a strong opinion on either; I care about the fundamental goals: speed (under normal circumstances) and security. With such a proof system, the only bottleneck for fast settlement becomes the gas cost of submitting proofs on-chain.

ข้อจำกัดความรับผิดชอบ: บทความที่โพสต์ซ้ำในไซต์นี้มาจากแพลตฟอร์มสาธารณะและมีไว้เพื่อจุดประสงค์ในการให้ข้อมูลเท่านั้น ซึ่งไม่ได้สะท้อนถึงมุมมองของ MEXC แต่อย่างใด ลิขสิทธิ์ทั้งหมดยังคงเป็นของผู้เขียนดั้งเดิม หากคุณเชื่อว่าเนื้อหาใดละเมิดสิทธิของบุคคลที่สาม โปรดติดต่อ service@mexc.com เพื่อลบออก MEXC ไม่รับประกันความถูกต้อง ความสมบูรณ์ หรือความทันเวลาของเนื้อหาใดๆ และไม่รับผิดชอบต่อการดำเนินการใดๆ ที่เกิดขึ้นตามข้อมูลที่ให้มา เนื้อหานี้ไม่ถือเป็นคำแนะนำทางการเงิน กฎหมาย หรือคำแนะนำจากผู้เชี่ยวชาญอื่นๆ และไม่ถือว่าเป็นคำแนะนำหรือการรับรองจาก MEXC

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ETH Ecosystem Rides Policy Momentum – BAY Miner Launches ETH Cloud Mining Service to Unlock Passive Daily Income

ETH Ecosystem Rides Policy Momentum – BAY Miner Launches ETH Cloud Mining Service to Unlock Passive Daily Income

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CryptoNews2025/08/08 00:55